Water Softeners : Basics of Water Softening Systems

Water softener

Hard water usually consists of calcium and magnesium ions. Hard Water may also consist of other dissolved metals, sulphates and bicarbonates. Therefore, Hard Water is generally water with a high level of minerals. Hard Water is not dangerous but it may cause some problems scaling and even a deposit like limescale. Therefore, we need to soften hard water. The machinery used to turn hard water into soft water is known as Water Softener

A Water softener removes these ions that make the water hard. Not only calcium or magnesium, but also iron may be removed. This softener has to be directly connected to the water supply. These can work in automatic, semi-automatic or manual mode. Every type is rated on the amount of hardness it can remove, prior to regeneration. A good water softener can be used for several years. These need less maintenance.

However, some salt has to be filled after a specific time span. The three types of salt that are used are Rock salt, Solar salt and Evaporated salt. Rock salt is traditionally mined from underground salt deposits. Solar salt is obtained after evaporation of water. Evaporated salt is mined from underground salt deposits of dissolved salt. Rock salt is cheaper than the other two. However, cleaning the reservoir of this salt consumes a lot of time and energy. Water softeners may be time operated or water meter-controlled. The latter produce the softest water for a pound of salt. Water softeners operate on electricity or waterpower. The cost of a water softener depends on:

• type of water softener
• type of energy used
• hardness of water
• use of water

Water Softening Systems

In a water softener, ions of magnesium and calcium are replaced with potassium and sodium by using a medium. This process is as follows:

For the ion replacement, a resin bed of small plastic beads or zeolite is covered with sodium or potassium ions. Then, the water is passed through this bed. Here, swapping of the ions takes place. Finally, the beads contain only calcium or magnesium. Now, softening ceases and the beads have to be regenerated. These are flooded with a brine solution that has a large quantity of sodium or potassium. Backwash means that the calcium, magnesium, dirt and sediments are drained from the beads. Lastly, the mineral tank is rinsed with fresh water and the brine tank is loaded, so that it is ready for the next cycle. Automatic water softeners recharge periodically in such a way that the occupants are not harmed. These are very water-efficient and regenerate only when there is a necessity.

Types of water softening systems with top-mount valves are:

• Compact water softening systems with meter regeneration
• Compact water softening systems with timeclock regeneration
• Heavy-duty water softening systems with meter regeneration
• Heavy-duty water softening systems with timeclock regeneration

Home water softeners

These may be fully automatic or demand initiated regeneration models. The former has a timer that on its own starts each step in the regeneration procedure. This regeneration is done at night when water usage is less. In the latter, all procedures are done automatically as a response to the demand for treated water. The salt storage has to be enough for many regenerations.

Water softener problems

A small quantity of sodium enters the water from the softener. This is hazardous to those having hypertension or heart problems. It also affects the grass growth and vegetation. The bacteria in the septic tanks may get killed. This is overcome by using potassium chloride. Alternatively, a bypass pipe may be installed so that the water does not pass through the filter. Soft water leaches heavy metals from pipes and this can reach dangerous levels. The softening procedure can remove the minute quantities of minerals from water that are useful to health.

Water softener comparison

Different water softeners like TwinTec Water Softener, Clements Water Softener, CAI Tech, Fresh Water Systems, Fountain Sotfners and Worldwide Water Systems are compared on the basis of base, price and guarantee. Others like Culligan, Fresh Water Systems Ltd and CAI Technologies are also compared on the basis of base, type, online ordering, secure site and shipping.

Electromagnetic Water Softener

Hard water is undesirable for use in day-to-day household activities. It contains excess dissolved minerals that impart the hardness. The more the amount of minerals, the higher is the hardness scale or grains. If hard water is used for cleaning, it usually leaves water spots and marks after drying. Hard water can be softened by using traditional methods like boiling and adding salts but these are only temporary methods of water softening. Further, boiling or adding external substances may impart a peculiar taste and odor to the water.

Magnetic Water Softening

Magnetic water softening is the latest technology for treatment of water in order to make it suitable for various applications. With this system, hard water can be converted into soft water without adding substances, thus solving the problem of change in taste and odor. There are two types of magnetic water softeners, namely, electromagnetic or electronic water softener (EM) and magnetic water softener (M). Though both types operate on the basis of magnetism, the former requires electricity, while the latter does not. Regarding the cost of installation, electromagnetic type is less expensive in comparison to magnetic water softener.

Electromagnetic Water Softener: Working

Unlike other water softeners, an electromagnetic water softener does not remove dissolved substances, like calcium or magnesium from water. It just alters these substances and hence it is also called an electromagnetic water conditioner. This appliance is installed with magnets for generating electromagnetic fields, when electricity passes through the magnets.

As a part of the water softening process, the incoming hard water passes through the electromagnetic fields, which impart electrical charge on the mineral salts present in the hard water. The dissolved minerals salts are altered in such a way that they can no longer form lime scales. Thus, electromagnetic water softeners reduce the scale formation or water marks created by the minerals.

For better performance of an electromagnetic water softener, it is necessary to maintain certain water quality factors. The overall effectiveness of softening hard water may vary depending upon water hardness scale, amount of impurities present in water, temperature of the incoming hard water and rate of water flow. Only if the incoming water quality matches the requirements of the devices, then will the electromagnetic water softeners show acceptable performance.

Electromagnetic Water Softener: An Overview

Though electromagnetic water softener devices are available in the market for home use, their effectiveness is still controversial. The promoters and / or manufacturers claim that electromagnetic water softeners effectively solve the problems of hard water. According to them, water treated by using electromagnetic water softeners is safe for drinking as the generated electromagnetic field destroys the harmful bacteria, algae and disease causing microbes. However, water softener test and verification regarding their efficacy should be done prior to installation of such devices.

On a general note, the performance of such devices may vary from one house to another based on the water variables. It is also to be noted that high voltage lines installed near the electromagnetic field also negatively affects the effectiveness of water softening. Hence, fixing of the magnets and electric lines should be done properly. Electromagnetic water softener devices are reported to have positive results in large scale water purification systems such as industries and commercial complexes, in which the required water quality can be controlled according to the device.

Water Softener Troubleshooting

We'll start the discussion with the basic concept of water softeners and their importance in the American lifestyle.

In the event of water scarcity through the usual sources like river and other water bodies, underground water is predominantly used. There are aquifers present inside the ground that make the water available for general public use after subjecting it to the water purification systems. Now, underground water is not 'ready to use' type of water. It is hard water and has traces of calcium, magnesium and limestone present in it. Hard water actually is of a very little use for household purposes. It cannot be used to clean the daily use utensils nor is it fit for consumption and bathing purposes. To make hard water fit for daily use and consumption, it needs to be converted into soft water.

This is where water softeners come into the picture. Water softeners can be called as water filters that soften the water by eliminating all the unnecessary elements of hard water and make it useful for daily use, with the help of two tanks. One which is filled with salt and the other filled with special resins. These resins have the ability to soften water. For a normal household, water softeners are generally used twice in a week. Though water softeners are not used everyday, they need to be maintained at regular intervals. Failing to do so might lead to many problems and therefore you will have to run for its repair. Many people do not get an understanding of exactly where the problem is lying. But with this article water softener troubleshooting will no more remain a troublesome issue and you will also be able to get a basic idea of the problem, by understanding the water softeners and how they work.

Troubleshooting Water Softener Problems

Many people inquire, "How to troubleshoot water softener problems?" This article is an attempt to answer their question.

Softener Producing Hard Water: The most common problem observed in water softeners is that instead of soft water it produces hard water. The possible reasons for this are the decrease in the levels of salt in the brine tank or may be the by pass valve of the water softener is left open.

To fix the problem of the salts, it is advised to perform a regular check up of the levels of the salt. If the level has gone down it needs to be increased, so that the function of water softening is performed properly. If the by pass valve is found open, it needs to be promptly closed, otherwise the problem will not get solved, no matter how correct the levels of salt are.

Low Water Pressure: Now, this problem has got to do something with incorrect installation of the water softener. While installing the water softener, know the availability of inlet pressure, the necessary flow rate and also the plumbing layout of the place. It needs to be remembered that higher the piping line, lower is the pressure. Ideally, the pressure declines by about 1 psig after every 2 feet or so. Therefore, in order to get the right water pressure, it is necessary to consider this decline and accordingly install the systems.

Leaking Out of Drain: Sometimes it so happens, that water starts leaking out of the drain when the control valve is in its service position. This however, is found to be happening if the piston seal gets damaged due to breakage or if there is some other foreign material found in between the piston and its seal. In order to fix this problem, it is advised to change the piston along with its seals.

So folks, these were some commonly observed problems with water softeners. Hopefully, this article will prove useful to you, for troubleshooting water softener problems. Actually, you will never face any problems with your water softener and moreover, it will serve you for a long time if you get it installed properly and maintain it regularly. However, it is after all a machine and it is bound to have problems at some stage. Therefore, the next time you see any defects, remember these tips on water softener troubleshooting and take preventive steps to repair your water softener.

Water Softener Installation

The water is classified as hard or soft, depending upon the minerals and their amount present in it. If the water contains ions of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and iron, then it is termed as hard water. The hard water can cause blockages of pipes, by depositing lime scales in them. The chemical properties of hard water prevents easy dissolution of soap and detergents, which leads to wastage of money. The water softener devices, also referred to as, ion exchangers soften the hard water by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions in it with sodium or potassium ions during water ionization. You may prefer to install an electromagnetic water softener.

How to Install a Water Softener?

The task of water softener installation is a bit tough to undertake, even if you are a person with dexterous fingers. Even a professional person, well acquainted with the task needs considerable time to finish water softener installation. If you are confident and like tinkering with instruments, go ahead and read the following instructions on how to install a water softener:

1. The first step is to identify the place where you can install the water softener in your house.
2. Next, locate the spot, where the main water pipe enters your house.
3. You may want to connect the water softener to this pipe and treat whatever amount of water enters your house.
4. On the other hand, you may want to treat only a part of the total amount of water supply and use the untreated water which is free of sodium as drinking water. This will make it necessary for you to connect the water softener to a pipe branching off the main water pipe.
5. The softening process generates waste materials, which are necessary to flush out of the water softener. This demands that you install the water softener, near a drain or a pipe leading to waste tank or a septic tank.
6. The water softener needs electricity for its functioning. Install an electrical outlet, if the place you have selected for installing a water softener does not have one near it.
7. The next step in the process to install water softener is to install the valve. This is required if you are going to connect water softener to the main water pipe. It will help maintain the undisturbed water supply to your house, if the water softener malfunctions and needs repairing.
8. Follow the instructions in the user's manual to attach the bypass valve to the water pipe you have chosen to feed the water softener.
9. Attach a plastic tubing, each to the overflow tank and to the water softener's outlet for draining the wastes and let the free ends of both of these tubes feed the drain or the waste tank you have selected.
10. Connect the bypass valve to inlet and outlet valve of the water softener.
11. Connect pipes to the bypass valves with the rubber O-rings acting as washers, between the connections.
12. Turn the water supply on and test the installed water softener and the accessories.
13. If the system is not working properly, check the user manual for the instructions or contact the customer care and get some advice.
14. Go through the user manual and acquaint yourself with the basics of water softening systems and how to use a water softener machine effectively, so that you can start using your installed water softener, right away.

The water softener installation may cause you an additional expenditure. If you are using lead piping, it is advisable that you change them. Because when soft water flows through them, it may absorb the lead which may cause lead poisoning. Every household needs soft water for the purpose of bathing and washing cloths. If your house is supplied with hard water, then it may damage your shower water filters, laundry machines and water heaters and/or reduce the life of piping system in your house. It may also adversely affect any setup that is running on solar power, by clogging its pipes. Install a water softener to avoid these problems. If you want to know more about water softener installation, read more on, 'How to Install a Water Softener'.

Water Softener Problems

The process of water softening makes hard water suitable for use. The calcium and magnesium present in hard water is replaced by sodium. However, sodium too creates issues for people with health problem (hypertension and heart problems).

Water Softener Problems
A water softener is a device which proves to be useful in making the water usable. The problems associated with water softener systems are discussed in the following paragraphs. Some of the problems discussed about water softeners are specific, i.e. related to plumbing, sodium, etc. However, even common problems about water softeners are discussed below. 

Plumbing Problems
The installation of water softeners helps in resolving the issue of hard water. However, some other problems such as that of plumbing might arise. The water softeners which are big, create problems in the functioning of the plumbing system. The flow of water on the other hand is restricted by small water softening systems. The hard water from small water softening systems could leak and enter the plumbing system of the house. Heavy metals leached by the piping from softened water might create problems for the plumbing system.

Sodium-related Issues
Nowadays, people with health problems tend to avoid water that contains salts. The presence of sodium in water could be harmful for their health. There are chances of the occurrence of heart problems and hypertension in such people. To avoid this problem, one could use a bypass pipe. The pipe would provide cooking and drinking water which is not treated with sodium. There is also a bit expensive option of using potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride for the purpose of filtering.

Common Water Softener Problems
The common problems associated with water softeners are those pertaining to the improper functioning of motor, inefficient water softening, clogging of tubes, etc. Let us understand how to solve these problems.

• In many cases, the water is not softened efficiently. The problems associated with it could be varied. However, taking the following step would save time and money. At first, the tank should be flushed. It should be seen whether there is a need to add salt. The next step would be to adjust the timer in a proper manner to increase the regeneration frequency.
• There might be complaints about the motor not working at all. Before calling upon a professional, one should at least check whether the power supply is off/on and the plug is inserted in the socket.
• Problem in the flow of the brine line is also common. In order to resolve this problem, one should flush the brine line. The filter screen and injector should then be examined. It should be replaced if any problems are found. The brine line should also be checked for any kind of damage or breaks. The ideal pressure that is necessary for the brine line to function properly needs to be maintained. One can refer to the water softener manual to know the ideal brine line pressure.
• The iron content present in water could be too high i.e. it could exceed the limit. The first step in such cases is checking the filter followed by replacing, if necessary. The position of bypass valve should also be checked. Checking the plumbing leaks is also necessary.

Water Softener Maintenance

Hard water is not suitable for drinking, cooking, washing and other household activities. Due the presence of high amounts of minerals (calcium and magnesium), it forms scales in the pipes and cooking utensils. When combined with soap and detergent, hard water forms less lather and results in scum formation. Softening water and installing a water softener are effective methods to convert hard water into soft water. The former option is very costly and hence, a water softener is the best alternative to treat hard water for household utility purpose.

Among the several models of water softeners, an ion-exchanging resin device is the most popular unit. Similar to other home appliances, it can have many problems. Understanding the water softener parts and the working mechanism will help in easy solving of the problems. It consists of a resin bed containing negative ions (sodium, potassium or hydrogen). When hard water is passed through this resin bed, the negative ions bind to the metal ions, thus replacing minerals from the hard water. Water softeners are essential for generating drinking water and hence water softener maintenance is essential for maximum efficiency and longevity of the unit. Read more on water softeners - how they work.

How to Maintain Water Softener?

Maintaining a water softener system is simple and less time consuming, provided that you check the system on a regular basis. Prior to proceeding with any step for water softener maintenance, first go through the user manual provided with the unit. This will help you in easy identification and repair of the malfunctions. You can refer to the following points for water softener repair and maintenance:

Select the Salt Type
Based on the water softener model that you have purchased, you can check for the appropriate salt types. If you do not have much time for care and maintenance of the unit, then opt for evaporated salt. Though this salt is expensive than the rock and solar salt, the brine tank requires minimal cleaning if you use this salt. Read more on water filters.

Inspect the Salt Levels
Presence of adequate salt is necessary for replacement of the mineral ions and/or soft water supply. You can inspect the salt levels for at least once in a month. Ensure that the salt level reach about 1/3rd of the brine tank. It is better to refill the tank before the salt level falls below this appropriate level.

Clean the Brine Tank
Periodic cleaning of the brine tank and feeding salts (if necessary) is the most essential step for proper working of the water softener. The more water insoluble matter in the salt, the higher should be the frequency of cleaning. Thus, depending upon the salt type, you may require to clean the brine tank frequently, once in 2 months. Read on water purification systems.

Check the Resin Bed
Excess buildup of water insoluble substance in the resin bed may result in a poor quality water supply. Presence of high iron content in the water supply are noticeable signs for problems in the resin bed. You can remove iron deposits (if any) with the help of an iron remover or a resin bed cleaner.

Resin Bed Replacement
In most of the water softener models, the resin bed lasts for about 20-25 years. Hence, if the unit is not working properly, first check for malfunctions of the brine tank and other components. If nothing is wrong with them, then the resin bed may require replacement. If you notice algal and bacterial growth, then replace the resin bed.

How Does a Water Softener Work

It can be easy to give the importance of water a miss. But, water is such an important tool in our everyday lives that we cannot imagine a day sans water. But, sometimes we wonder, why the dishes we washed, get covered with spots after drying? Or what causes clogging up of the plumbing system? This is caused by the hardness in water, which requires to be softened for desirable results. What is softening of water and how does a water softener work? For this, we first need to discuss what is hard water and soft water.

Water with substantial quantities of dissolved minerals and salt is known as hard water. It is not suitable for domestic use, like for cooking, washing clothes, etc. This is because the dissolved calcium and magnesium salts can have adverse effect on efficiency of household appliances as a result of the salt clogging up pipes and water heating equipment. The mineral content in hard water also hinders the working of soaps and detergents by reacting with them to for a sticky scum and nullifies their effect. It is therefore, necessary to soften the water to make it more usable. Water softeners are appliances that reduce the salt and mineral contents in the hard water thereby making it soft. But, how does a water softener work? Let us discuss it now.

Working of Water Softener

While water is flowing, it dissolves soluble bits of the surface it passes over. Although this can include contamination which makes water unsuitable for consumption, in most cases it can simply mean that water has dissolved minerals picked from the earth. Out of these, calcium and magnesium adversely affect the ability of water to function in household activities and are responsible in making the water hard. This makes the use of water softener appliances very essential. Let us see how does a water softener work.

Even though electromagnetic water softeners have been introduced, an ion-exchange resin forms the basics of water softening system for household purposes. As discussed, hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions and the ion exchange resin holds sodium ions. When hard water passes through this resin structure, there is an exchange of ions as the calcium and magnesium ions trade places with the more reactive sodium ions present in the resin. Earlier water softener widely used a category of minerals called zeolites which also exhibit similar ion-exchanging properties. The basic idea is to replace the less reactive ions by more reactive ones forming stable salts which will not easily react further with any other chemical. After this ion exchange is done, the water leaving the resin structure is said to be soft water. Read more on water softeners - how they work.

Chemistry in the Ion Exchange Resin

To get a clear view of how does water softener work, it is important to know the chemistry behind all this. Basically, the resin is nothing but a network of small polyester beads, which are negatively charged. The hard water has positively charged calcium and magnesium ions. As opposites attract, mineral ions in the water cling to the beads as the hard water passes through the resin structure. To compensate the loss of positive charge in the water sodium ions take the place of the earlier mineral ions thereby effecting an ion exchange.

Now, what happens when the beads get saturated with calcium and magnesium ions? This important to know for water softener troubleshooting. At this point, regenerating cycle comes in to picture. A water softener has another tank which contains a highly concentrated brine solution. This concentrated solution is nothing but common salt dissolved in water and is sodium rich. It is now carried from this brine tank to the main mineral tank. The sodium replaces calcium and magnesium on the beads, which are flushed down the drain. Once the beads are sodium rich again, the excess brine is flushed off and the brine tank is topped up. Untreated water is fed to the main tank and the process is repeated. The water leaving the main tank is soft and has desired properties.

Now I hope you know how does a water softener work. Many of your queries regarding this common home appliance may have been answered. Although, there are some debatable health concerns with the consumption of softened water, it can be very beneficial for use in non-consumable purposes.

Water Softener Repair

Many of us consider water to be "harsh" if there are huge amounts of minerals like magnesium and/or calcium. Although it's a common misconception that hard water is always unhealthy for consumption, but instead it leaves a white buildup over the kitchen faucets and showerheads. Also, harsh water tends to minimize the soap's ability to clean properly which means you end up using more detergent to wash your laundry and more liquid soap to clean the dishes. While using water softeners, the mechanism calls for the devise to remove the minerals. Using soft water eliminates the build up over faucets and pipes, plus another advantage is that you go through less detergents and liquid soaps than you would with harsh water. So the unwanted minerals are replaced with necessary sodium and/or potassium ions. Read more on water softeners: how they work.

Repairing Water Softeners

At times, water softeners need to be repaired because of any issues with the control valve. You can either replace the valve with the distributor tube also. Another repair that might need your attention is the resin beads which needs to be replaced as they tend to wear out. No matter what the problem, the following steps will help you in understanding how to repair water softeners.

Materials Needed

• Water softener
• Water
• Vacuum
• Broom
• Salt
• Soap
• Sodium hydrosulfite compound
• Citric acid cleaner
• Phosphoric acid cleaner or hydrochloric acid

Step #1: Turn your water softener system off. For that, you will need to search for the link between the electrical connection of the pipes to the house. You will see a valve that's indicating at "Soft", twist the valve in the other direction. Once you twist the valve, you can turn the main power off. Read more on water softener systems.

Step #2: A regular inspection is needed (at least once a month) to determine the exact quantity of salt left in the tank. A common error that occurs is that the water softener is out of salt (sodium chloride). You see, salt gets mixed inside the brine tank so that it can work its magic in removing the minerals from the harsh water. While filling the brine tank, you need to keep in mind that there is no trace of salt left and the tank gets refilled with 2/3 with rock salt or evaporated salt.

Step #3: Do a yearly inspection of the brine tank or else you will end up with salt domes in the tank itself. You will use the broom to scrape off extra salt or salt domes. Take a vacuum to remove all the unwanted sediments, apply soap and water to clean the tank.

Step #4: As you finish cleaning the brine tank, inspect the resin bed as well. See if it requires a cleaning as well. This bed is exactly next to the brine tank you just cleaned. The resin bed is responsible of the actual "softening" of the water. The minerals like iron, manganese, and silt are the ones that inflict issues inside the resin bed. You can use the chemicals mentioned in the materials needed list: Sodium hydrosulfite compound, phosphoric acid cleaner, and citric acid cleaner.

Step #5: To finish cleaning the resin bed, you will clear the injector first. Let the softener go through a cycle of manual cleanup, and then move on to the injector and the screen attached to it. This injector also gets clotted at times with the sediments that creep inside the softener with the salt.

Using rock salt is the best option as it is less expensive, but it does require more attention towards the water softener maintenance aspect of the softener. If you don't feel you have done an efficient job at the water softener repair, get a handy man to take a look at your final work.

Water Softener Reviews

Different water softener products are used to make hard water suitable for drinking and other household purposes. Hard water is not suitable for use, due to the minerals present in it. Magnesium and calcium are especially important in increasing the hardness of water. Water softener reviews of different products are provided in the paragraphs below.

Water Softener Reviews

Purchasing water softeners is quite an investment. Most of these products are priced at more than USD 1000 and it thus, becomes necessary to choose the products carefully. One should find the reviews provided below, quite useful. Water softener reviews consumer reports can also help you in making a decision about buying a particular water softener product. Read more on basics of water softening systems.

Water Softener Ratings
The best water softener reviews of available products in the market can be found in the paragraphs below. The features of water softeners and their prices mentioned below would help you in choosing a suitable product.

Aqua-Pure NFS100 Iron Reduction Water Softener: This water softener is useful in reducing iron content of water. The formation of pipe rust and soap scum is prevented by the use of water softened with this product. The stains which accumulate on toilets, tubs, sinks and clothes can also be removed with the softened water. The product is priced at USD 2,300.

Kenmore 370 Series Water Softener: This product is widely used in the United States. Water softened with the 'Kenmore 370 Series Water Softener' helps in cleaning fabrics without damaging them. A lighted screen display and manual salt tank light are the additional features which come with this product. The Kenmore 370 Series Water Softener is priced at USD 800.

Water Softener Comparison

The information about different water softeners is provided in the following paragraphs. Read more on water softeners - how they work.

Pelican NaturSoft Salt-Free Water Softener: The 'NatureSoft' water softening product brought into the market by Pelican helps in softening water; magnesium and calcium deposits which lead to the formation of hard-water scale and thereby clogging of faucets, shower heads, etc. The lifespan of appliances thus, increases and also the detergents prove to effective in soft water. The model, NS-3 of this water softener product is priced at USD 1,295.

Kinetico: The Kinetico water softeners are known for working on the principle of kinetic energy of water. Electricity is not needed to operate these systems. The water softeners of brand, Kinetico are known for convenience of usage. The products are not very expensive. Operational cost of these softeners is however, quite high. The expenses of maintaining the system too are greater than many other systems.

Kenmore: The Kenmore water softener products are available in different size ranges; small-sized and heavy-duty products are also available. Large particles are filtered out in the process of water softening. Using the Kenmore products helps in reducing the water softening cost by half, in comparison to regular/ordinary methods.

General Electric: 'SmartSoft' technology is the special feature of water softeners released by General Electric. The advantages of having SmartSoft technology is that water softening needs can be gauged, salt loss is minimized and energy is saved due to the use of low-capacitance transformers.The problem of hard water is quite serious in the United States and around 85% of the population has to deal with it. The water softening systems that are chosen should be studied properly for various features. It happens often, that salesmen try to exaggerate the qualities/features of their products. One should thus, be very careful and try to find out the facts. Water softener maintenance is also an important factor to be considered while purchasing a product. The water softener reviews provided above will be useful in choosing a suitable product for water softening.

Best Water Softener Systems

Alright, before we start off with reviewing the best water softener systems, let us know why is hard water so undesirable by most people. This kind of water has no health hazards, but contains different types of minerals, including calcium and magnesium. These minerals are responsible for making the water 'hard'. Hard water causes clogging of pipes and different types of appliances. Using hard water results in the development of a film on equipments like bathtubs, shower tiles, kettles, metal boilers, etc. And the most common problem is the reaction of these minerals with soaps and detergents which reduces their lather forming and cleaning capabilities. It is known that about 85% of the United States is affected with the problems of hard water and this makes it essential to have a thorough understanding about the best water softener systems available.

Types of Water Softeners

Knowing about the best water softeners system, is about knowing the different types of such machines available in the market. All of these types have been briefed in the following.

Salt Free Water Softener Systems
This type makes use of nanotechnology [The branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules)] to convert dissolved magnesium and calcium into microscopic crystals. Unlike the traditional systems, this one does not react with the water, thus, not affecting the minerals and nutrients. As the microscopic crystals do not stick to pipes or any other mediums, a substantial amount of savings can be done in the long run, as it prevents any damage to the water pipes. Read more on water softener problems.

Ion Exchange Water Softener Systems
Coming next in the list of the best water softener systems is what is known as the ion exchange system. Here, the technology is used to replace the minerals (especially calcium and magnesium ions) in the water which cause the hardness, with sodium and magnesium ions. People who have used this type of water softening system are with the reviews that their appliances like washing machines, etc, tend to have a longer life. Water which is softened by this softener tends to maintain the quality of clothes, thus, increasing their life span. One drawback which this water softener has, is related to its sodium infusion in the water. The sodium intake may not be safe for some people, especially those who have are sensitive to sodium. Know more on water softener maintenance.

Magnetic Water Softener Systems
This one makes no use of chemicals, thereby, preserving the vitamins and nutrients in the treated water. Here, magnets are placed inside or outside the water pipes. Doing this will make the water flow through a magnetic field. This process alters the molecular structure of the water, thereby, making it lose its hardness. This non-chemical treatment of hard water is considered to provide low maintenance experience post installation. The only downside about this system is that the degree of efficiency can be random or it may not be consistent. Here's more on electromagnetic water softener.

Reverse Osmosis Water Softener Systems
As the name suggests, this system works with the help of a semi-permeable membrane, which is known to remove 98% of unwanted molecules from the water. However, this process may leave the water with no essential minerals. This is the reason why, water softened by this system is appropriate for all purposes, except drinking, cooking or for feeding plants and animals.

Given below is a small list of some the best water softener systems you can avail from the market.

• HardnessMaster
• Culligan Water Softener
• The Pelican PSE1800 Whole House Water Filter and Softener
• Kinetico 2020
• Futura-10 Salt Free Water Softener
• Pro-Mrkt Corp, Soo-Soft digital water treatment system H1000
• Tapworks AD11

So, this was a quick review on the different types of water softeners to help you invest on the best water softener systems. The names which have been mentioned above are among the top players in this business. So, when you go shopping, learn about their features and reconcile them with your requirements, in order to get the best buy!

Water Softener

Water softener, also referred to as water conditioner, is a device used to condition water that contains excessive minerals. It replaces the magnesium and calcium ions with sodium or potassium ions. Before we talk about water softener systems, their installation and working, we need to understand the difference between hard and soft water.

Water containing large amounts of minerals like calcium and magnesium is referred to as hard water. Hard water can cause mineral build up in pipes, water heaters, dishwashers and shower heads, thus reducing its flow. It causes a soapy scum on glasses and also reduces the soap's ability to lather, thus, giving the laundry a stiffer and duller appearance. Along with excess calcium and magnesium, hard water can also contain bicarbonates and sulfates.

Temporary hardness of water is due to large amounts of calcium and bicarbonate ions and can be removed by simply boiling the water. Permanent hardness is caused due to excess of calcium and magnesium sulphates or chlorides which cannot be eliminated by simple methods like boiling the water. Well, if you are facing these hard water problems, water softener installation is just the right thing to do! But how does a water softener work? Let us discuss the working of water softeners.

Working of Water Softener
A water softener works as an ion exchange device, replacing calcium and magnesium ions in the water with sodium or potassium ions. Sodium or potassium ions do not precipitate out in pipes and thus help in eliminating the hard water problems.

The water is allowed to pass through a bed of small plastic beads or zeolite, that is covered with sodium ions. As hard water flows past the sodium ions, they swap places with the magnesium and calcium ions and the water is softened. Over a period of time, all the sodium ions, on the zeolite bed, get depleted and the bed contains only calcium and magnesium ions. At this point, the process of water softening stops and the beads or zeolite needs to be regenerated. The beads need to regain the sodium or potassium ions and this is done by flooding them with salty, brine solution, which is rich in sodium ions. The calcium and magnesium ions, along with other dirt particles and sediments, get flushed from the beads by a process known as backwash.

This was about the working of a water softener. Water softener systems come in 4 different kinds - offsite, manual, semiautomatic and automatic. The water softener cost varies according to the type of the system. Automatic systems come with a few additional features such as the time clock, water meter and hardness sensor and is therefore, the most expensive of the lot.

Water Softener Maintenance
Water softener maintenance is a fairly simple task, provided you check the ion exchange system regularly. Depending on the type of water softener you have installed, check for the appropriate salts. Ensure that the salt level reaches one third of the brine tank. Check the salt level once a month. The most common water softener problems are associated with the control valve and the resin bed. You can either repair the valve or get it replaced. The resin bed needs to be inspected on a regular basis. Excess build up of minerals or other insoluble substances may result in poor quality water supply. It can also affect the longevity of the unit. You could refer to a water softener troubleshooting guide for a detailed information on water softener repair.

I hope you found this information on water softener systems useful. You could go through some water softener reviews, that will make your task of finding the best water softener system easier.

Water Softener Salt

As you might be aware, hard water refers to a type of water which comprises of highly dissolved mineral content. Calcium and magnesium are known to be the most common minerals found in hard water. Use of this kind of water, although not harmful for health, sure does a great deal of damage to home appliances like water heaters, dishwashers, tea kettles, and so on. The damage is caused due to the scaling on the inside of the appliances, which form when the water precipitates. One of the main disadvantage of using hard water is its inability to form lather. This makes washing clothes, or baths less productive. This water can be made soft with the help of reverse osmosis or distillation. It can also be done by using a water softener salt, about which a description has been provided below.

Water Softener Salt Types

Before I take you to the water softener types, I would tell you how does the water softener salt work to make the hard water soft. Basically, the salt works to get rid of the ions that make the water hard, which are in most cases, Ca2⁺ and Mg2⁺. Now, let us suppose the common salt sodium chloride (NaCl) is introduced in the hard water. The salt will break up into ions Na⁺ and Cl^-. Now these ions would chemically bond with the ions already present in the water. This means Cl^- would bond with Ca2⁺ forming CaCl₂ and, also with Mg2⁺ and for MgCl₂ thus, reducing the hardness of the water. What would be left in high quantity would be the Na⁺ ions thus, raising the sodium content in the water.

Now coming to the water softener salt types, they have been described below:

Rock Salt
This one is known to be the cheapest of all the water softener salts available. It is a naturally occurring mineral, that is normal obtained by mining methods. It is mostly sodium chloride, but also has relatively high composition of insoluble calcium sulphate as well. That is why the softener reservoir would be requiring frequent cleaning sessions.

Solar Salt
This product is obtained from the evaporation of sea water. It is better than the rock salt, as it has lesser insoluble composition. It is normally sold in pellet or crystal form, and contains about 85% sodium chloride. As the salt goes under processing, its price is quite higher than rock salt.

Evaporated Salt
By far, this is rated as the best water softener salt. It is found in underground salt deposits, but in dissolved form. So what is done is, the water is evaporated from the salt, leaving only sodium chloride. Since it is the most purest form of all, it is also the most expensive. As it is highly soluble, there would be less sediments thus, making way for less maintenance of the water reservoir.

Adding too much of salt or the wrong type of salt may result in forming what is known as a water softener salt bridge. Although it is not a serious issue, it might interfere with the working of the water softener. As far as the popular brand goes in this aspect, most people prefer the Morton water softener salt. But what must be known is, water softener salts take some time to dissolve and begin to soften the water. So, do not expect immediate results right after adding the salt to the hard water. Also, ensure that the salt level is half full in the reservoir. As the sodium level in the water would be high, it might not be suitable for babies, and for people who are recommended to follow a low-sodium diet. In such a case, water can be softened using a filter, but that has a price of its own, which is way higher than what is needed for water softener salts.
 

Saltless Water Softener

Water softener is a common home appliance that many of us have installed one in our homes. Till today, many regions get only hard water supply for daily use. A water sample is called hard, if it contains excess amount of mineral ions, namely, calcium and magnesium. Hard water not only form scales, but also interferes with washing, cleaning, bathing and daily chores by reducing lather formation. Thus, treating hard water with a saltless water softener or with other techniques is preferred to increase water quality.

Saltless Water Softener: Do they Work?

In a traditional water softener system, the hard water is passed through resin beads that contain sodium ions. The magnesium and calcium ions are replaced by sodium ions, and soft water is delivered via the outlet pipe. A major concern with this method of softening water is elevated amount of sodium in the softened water. While using it for drinking or cooking applications, the sodium content in the diet is increased, which is not recommended for people with certain medical conditions.

Considering the high sodium content in water resulted by regular water softener, many homeowners are now opting for the salt free water softener. In fact, the market is flooded with saltless water softener systems, each promising to give high-end results. But, does a saltless water softener really works? Simply called a descaler, this salt free water softener works by changing the structure of mineral crystals present in hard water. By doing so, it reduces the tendency of crystals to form scales.

The working mechanism of most saltless water softener systems is not to remove mineral or hardness ions directly. Instead, the electric charges generated in this system are effective for preventing quick formation of scales. Hence, build-up of the same in pipes, washing machine or dishwasher is reduced significantly. Nevertheless, scale deposits are observed in standing water, say hot water heater or other storage tanks. In short, the saltless water softener is less efficient for actual water softening.

Saltless Water Softener: Benefits

The major benefits of saltless water softener are attributed to the absence of sodium in the softened water. Contrary to regular water softening, it involves electromagnets (in electromagnetic water softener) or other salts (e.g. potassium chloride) for softening hard water. Thus, water after undergoing the treatment process is free of sodium and is considered safe for consumption, even for people who are on a sodium restriction diet. Needless to say, it increases the longevity of pipes and other plumbing components. Another advantage of using salt free water softener is reducing environmental pollution.

Saltless Water Softener: Reviews

Purchasing the best saltless water softener is easier said than done. Being a costly gadget, proceeding with the trial and error method is not practical. In order to make the best investment, do your home work properly, check water softener reviews and search for the brands that deliver good results, in terms of softening water, energy efficiency and durability. Do not forget to go through saltless water softener consumer reports, so that you can get an insight about the positive and negative sides of this water softening device.

When a comparison is made between saltless water softener and regular water softener, each of the system works in a different manner, and have their own pros and cons. So, deciding, which one is a better alternative depends upon your health objectives, water requirements and personal choices. A better solution is to replace resin beads of a regular water softener with potassium chloride. But, make sure that the machine configuration is safe for using other salts. Or check with a reliable company for any possible water softener problems that may arise with salt replacement.

Water Softener Salt Types

If you are being driven crazy by the deposits of salt in your beautiful black sink or if your clothes don't really get clean even in the washing machine, it's probably the water that is causing the problems. You may be getting hard water in your faucets, which is causing the ugly deposits of white on the dark sink. What is hard water and how to get rid of it? Well you can't really get rid of hard water. All you can do is convert it into soft water by using an effective water softener salt in a water softener system. You'll get to know which ones you can use, in the article below.

How a Water Softener Salt Works?

A water softener is a unit that is fixed in homes and industries with an intention of converting hard water into soft water. How does it do that? Let's understand. Hard water is basically water that has large deposits of magnesium and calcium in it. Both these are alkaline earth metals which cause the hardness in the water. What water softener salts do is, they react with the water to eradicate the positively charged calcium and magnesium ions. As a result, only the salt compounds remain in the water and it loses its hardness. These compounds are generally sodium or potassium compounds depending on the type of salt you use. Now that we know the procedure of water softening, let us see which are the different water softener salt types that can be used in the water softener system.

Types of Salt for Water Softeners

There are three basic types of salts that can be used in the water softener system. These salts react with the calcium and magnesium, and sometimes even iron in the water and flush them out at regular intervals. This keeps the water soft and soap and detergents can easily lather in it.

Evaporated Salt
Since salt is dissolved in water, it goes underground along with the water. When the underground water dries up, the salt remains behind. This salt, when dug out, by using specific mining techniques is called evaporated salt. This is because the water in the ground has evaporated away and left behind the salt. This type of salt has the maximum concentration of sodium chloride in it, which helps to soften the water the quickest.

Solar Salt
Salt is also collected on sea shores. What is done is, the sea water is trapped in a particular area of the shore during the day. When the water evaporates completely, all that is left behind in the salt pan, is the salt from the sea water. This salt is collected and sold in pellets or in a powdered form. Compared to evaporated salt, solar salt has a lower level of sodium chloride and slightly more insoluble substances in it. Hence, it can be said that it comes second in line to evaporated salt for softening water.

Rock Salt
Rock salt is the crudest form of salt that is available and hence the least favorable for water softening. It is acquired by a mining process. Since this salt is nothing but a mineral deposited directly into the ground, it becomes very difficult to separate the salt from the other substances present in the rock. As a result there are many foreign particles present along with the salt, making it difficult to dissolve in the water. And unless it dissolves in water, it cannot react with it to soften it. Hence this is the least favored water softener salt.

Remember, these are the three basic water softener salt types. You can combine evaporated salt and solar salt sometimes, depending on the level of hardness of the water. However, avoid combining rock salt with any salt, as prolonged deposit of unwanted insoluble materials may damage your water softening system.